Promoting goodwill and countering intolerance among residents in private seniors’ residences: Need study with a view to developing a program
PRINCIPAL RESEARCHER:
Marie Beaulieu, Ph. D., University of Sherbrooke
RESEARCH TEAM:
Hélène Carbonneau, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières
Mélanie Levasseur, University of Sherbrooke
CHAIR PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT:
Marie-Chantal Falardeau, Project Coordinator and postdoctoral fellow
Roxane Leboeuf, Doctoral Student in Gerontology (University of Sherbrooke)
GRANTING AGENCY AND GRANT AMOUNT:
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) – Partnership Development Grant: $196,189
Contribution en espèces de la Fondation Jasmin Roy et Sophie Desmarais : 35 000 $ pour une bourse postdoctorale
Bourse Accélération de Mitacs pour un stage postdoctoral : 35 000$
PROJECT COMPLETION DATES:
November 2019 to December 2022.
ROLE OF CHAIR IN THE PROJECT:
Project leader in collaboration with:
- Centre collégial d’expertise en gérontologie (Drummondville College’s center for expertise in gerontology)
- Chartwell Retirement Residences
- DIRA-Estrie (Help center for mistreated older adults)
- Jasmin Roy Sophie Desmarais Foundation
RESEARCH PROBLEM:
Older adult living in private seniors’ residence (PSR)’s quality of life is influenced by many factors, such as aggressive or negative relationships between residents (Trompetter, Scholte & Westerhof, 2011) also known as bullying (Andresen, & Buchanan, 2017; Bonifas, 2016; Goodridge, Heal-Salahub, PausJenssen, James & Lidington, 2017) or mistreatment between residents (Rosen, Lachs, Teresi, Eimicke, Van Haitsma, & Pillemer, 2016; Teresi, Ramirez, Ellis, Silver, Boratgis, Kong, … Lachs, 2013). It is an issue that is documented more and more, but rather in longer term care facilities (CHSLD) than in PSR (Leboeuf, Beaulieu & Lefeuvre, 2017; McDonald, Sheppard, Hitzig, Spalter, Mathur & Mukhi, 2015) whereas more older adults live in PSR than CHSLD.
In Québec, the action plans and laws aiming to counter mistreatment or bullying towards older adults address the issue without offering any guidelines in PSR (Government of Québec, 2017-2018). However, the state of knowledge on the issue supports the importance of acting. In this regard, an increasing number of tools and guidelines for the development of intervention program to counter mistreatment or bullying towards older adults, and more specifically between older adults, but also tools to promote “living nicely together” were created in recent years. To our knowledge, no tool or intervention program were the object of a scientific validation process in PSR.
GOAL OF THE PROJECT OR RESEARCH QUESTION:
This project has the goal of developing and implementing program aiming to promote “Living nicely together” and countering mistreatment situations between residents within private seniors’ residence.
OBJECTIVES:
Based on the results of the project Améliorer la vie collective en résidence privée pour aînés : Établir les besoins en matière de lutte contre la maltraitance entre résidents et de promotion du « bien vivre ensemble » and the practices of involved partner, this project aims to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To document practices to counter resident-to-resident mistreatment and promote “living nicely together” in PSR.
- To develop a program aiming to promote “nicely living together” in PSR and countering mistreatment situations between residents (prevention, identification, intervention), and implement it.
- To realise a developmental evaluation of the program implementation aiming to counter mistreatment situations between residents and promote “nicely living together” in PSR.
METHODOLOGY:
Theoretical and methodological approach:
- The conceptual framework of Bronfenbrenner (1979)’s ecological system theory guides this study. The use of this conceptual framework guides not only the data collection that will be made with different actors (residents, employees, partners and other possible actors such as the relatives of the older adults), But will also allow to understand the different issues occurring during mistreatment situations between residents and analyse all the collected data.
- To achieve objective 2, the Intervention Mapping approach will be used (Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok, Gottlieb, & Fernandez, 2011).
- The Intervention Mapping and the Purposeful program theory (Funelle, S.C. & Rogers, 2011) will guide the achievement of objective 3.
- This research-action project as a whole is part of a participative approach of all concerned actors (PSR residents, employees, etc.)
Data collection and analysis process:
- Scoping review of scientific articles and the grey literature on promoting “living nicely together” in PSR and countering mistreatment between PSR residents.
- 25 individual interviews (according to a narrative approach)
- With 13 residents that have been mistreated by other residents.
- With 6 staff members of different positions (ex. nurses, beneficiary attendant, leisure technician, dining room staff, etc.).
- With 6 key partners on the subject of countering mistreatment between residents in PSR and promoting “living nicely together”.
- Qualitative analysis of the data.
- Development of the program.
- Testing of the program as a pilot-project during 8 months within PSR.
- Developmental evaluation of the program.
- To do so, group interviews with residents from each PSR, group and individual interviews with employees from each PSR, and individual interviews with the managers from each PSR will be conducted.
- Final implementation of a long-term intervention program within PSR participating to the research.
- Dissemination and transfer of knowledge.
PROJECT ADVANCEMENT:
As of summer 2022, the study of the needs (objective 1) as well as the development of the program and its testing (objective 2) were done. The evaluation of the program testing is in progress. Simultaneously, a training program is in development, as well as promotional communicational tools.
The literature review is also updated biannually.
COMMUNICATIONS:
Scientific communications
Beaulieu, M. (13 juin 2022). Resident-to-resident aggression in time of pandemic. Communication présentée au World Congress de l’International Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentine (vidéoconférence).
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., & Levasseur, M. (12-16 Juin 2022). Manifestations and management of resident-to-resident aggression in private seniors’ residences in Quebec, Canada. Affiche présentée au World Congress de l’International Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentine (vidéoconférence).
Beaulieu, M. (2 juin 2022). Resident-to-resident aggression in Quebec private seniors’ residences. 29th John K. Friesen Conference. Vancouver, Canada (webinaire).
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., & Levasseur, M. (2021, 12 Novembre). Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) in a COVID-19 context: Effects for older adults and for RRA in independent living facilities in Quebec, Canada. Communication présentée au 15th Global Conference de l’International Federation on Aging, Niagara Falls, Canada.
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., & Levasseur, M. (2021, 21 Octobre). Development of a program promoting goodwill and countering resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) in independent living facilities: what are the needs? Communication présentée au 50e Congrès de l’Association canadienne de gérontologie, Toronto, Canada.
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., & Levasseur, M. (2021, 3-7 Mai). La maltraitance entre résidents en résidence privée pour aînés : conséquences et pratiques en vigueur. Communication présentée au 88e Congrès de l’Association francophone pour le savoir, Sherbrooke, Canada.
Communications on invitation
Beaulieu, M. (2022, 2 juin). Resident-to-resident aggression in Quebec private seniors’ residences. 29th John K. Friesen Conference. Vancouver, Canada (webinaire).
Falardeau, M-C. (2021, 13 Avril). La maltraitance entre résidents en résidences privées pour aînés : Manifestations et conséquences. Conférence présentée dans le cours « maltraitance envers les aînés » de la maîtrise en travail social, Université de Sherbrooke.
Falardeau, M-C., Leboeuf, R., & Beaulieu, M. (2021, 2 Décembre). Présentation du Programme BIEN en RPA. Communication présentée au Chartwell Seigneuries du Carrefour, Sherbrooke, Canada.
Falardeau, M-C., Leboeuf, R., & Beaulieu, M. (2021, 2 Décembre). Présentation du Programme BIEN en RPA. Communication présentée au Chartwell Villa de l’Estrie, Sherbrooke, Canada.
Falardeau, M-C., Leboeuf, R., & Beaulieu, M. (2021, 29 Novembre). Présentation du Programme BIEN en RPA. Communication présentée au Chartwell Le St-Gabriel, St-Hubert, Canada.
PUBLISHING:
Published scientific articles
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., Levasseur, M., & Belley, R. (2021). Maltraitance entre résidents en temps de pandémie : Effets dans les résidences pour aînés privées au Québec. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 40(4), 619-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980821000428
Accepted scientific articles
Falardeau, M-C., Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., & Levasseur, M. (Accepté février 2022). Resident-to-resident aggression in private seniors’ residences. The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry.
Leboeuf, R., Falardeau, M-C., & Beaulieu, M. (Accepté mai 2022). Habitation collective : maltraitance, intimidation ou intolérance entre aînés? Gérontologie et Société.
Research report
Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., Levasseur, M. & Falardeau, M-C. (2021). Promotion de la bienveillance et lutte contre l’intolérance entre résidents en RPA. Étude des besoins en vue de l’élaboration d’un programme. Rapport de recherche synthèse. Chaire de recherche sur la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées et Chartwell résidences pour retraités. https://maltraitancedesaines.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021_Beaulieu_Falardeau_Rapport_etude_besoins.pdf
Beaulieu, M., Carbonneau, H., Levasseur, M., & Falardeau, M-C. (2021). Promoting goodwill and countering intolerance among residents in independent living facilities. Needs study with a view to developing a program. Research review report. Research Chair on Mistreatment of Older Adults and Chartwell Retirement Residences. https://maltraitancedesaines.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Beaulieu-et-al.-2021-Rapport_obj1_e%CC%81tude_besoins_EN.pdf
Publications in professional or cultural journals
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Villa de l’Estrie. (2022). Le Programme BIEN en résidence : signification et activités à venir. L’écho de la Villa, Mai 2022.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C. & Chartwell Seigneuries du Carrefour. (2022). Le Programme BIEN en résidence : signification et activités à venir. L’Envol : La voix des Seigneuries, Mai 2022.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Le St-Gabriel. (2022). Le Programme BIEN en résidence : signification et activités à venir. Le Journal du St-Gabriel, Janvier 2022.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Villa de l’Estrie. (2021). Le Programme BIEN en RPA mis à l’essai à la résidence cet automne! L’écho de la Villa, Novembre 2021.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C. & Chartwell Seigneuries du Carrefour. (2021). Le Programme BIEN en RPA mis à l’essai à la résidence cet automne! L’Envol : La voix des Seigneuries, Novembre 2021.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Le St-Gabriel. (2021). Le Programme BIEN en RPA mis à l’essai à la résidence cet automne! Le Journal du St-Gabriel, Octobre 2021.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C. & Chartwell Seigneuries du Carrefour. (2021). Prenons soin de nous et de ceux qui nous entourent. L’Envol : La voix des Seigneuries, Juillet-Août 2021.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Le St-Gabriel. (2021). Prenons soin de nous et de ceux qui nous entourent. Le Journal du St-Gabriel, Août 2021.
Beaulieu, M., Falardeau, M-C., & Chartwell Villa de l’Estrie. (2021). Prenons soin de nous et de ceux qui nous entourent. L’écho de la Villa, Août 2021.
REFERENCES USED:
Andresen, F.J. & Buchanan, J.A. (2017). Bullying in senior living facilities: Perspectives of long-term care staff. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(7), 34‑41.
Bonifas, R.P. (2016). Chapter 1. An introduction to bullying behaviors among older adults. In R.P. Bonifas (dir.), Bullying among older adults. How to recognize and address an unseen epidemic (p. 3-15). Maryland, USA: HHP – Health Professions Press.
Bartholomew, L. K., Parcel, G.S., Kok, G., Gottlieb, N.H. & Fernandez, M.E. (2011). Planning health promotion programs: An intervention mapping approach. (3rd ed.). États-Unis : Jossey-Bass.
Funelle, S.C. & Rogers, P.J. (2011) Purposeful program theory: Effective use of theories of change and logic models. San Francisco: Joseph Bass.
Goodridge, D., Heal-Salahub, J., PausJenssen, E., James, G. & Lidington, J. (2017). Peer Bullying in Seniors’ Subsidised Apartment Communities in Saskatoon, Canada: participatory research. Health and Social Care in the Community, 25(4), 1439-1447.
Gouvernement du Québec. (2017). Plan d’action gouvernemental pour contrer la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées. Québec, Canada : Ministère de la Famille, Gouvernement du Québec. Repéré à : https://www.mfa.gouv.qc.ca/fr/publication/Documents/plan-action-maltraitance-2017-2022.pdf
Gouvernement du Québec. (12 juillet 2018). Loi visant à lutter contre la maltraitance envers les aînés et toute autre personne majeure en situation de vulnérabilité. Québec, Canada : Gouvernement du Québec. Repéré à : http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/ShowDoc/cs/L-6.3
Leboeuf, R., Beaulieu, M. & Lefeuvre, K. (20 octobre 2017). The mistreatment between older adults within private retirement homes: a scooping review. 46e Réunion scientifique et éducative annuelle de l’Association canadienne de gérontologie, « Actions fondées sur les données probantes pour un monde vieillissant ». Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canada).
McDonald, L., Sheppard, C., Hitzig, S. L., Spalter, T., Mathur, A., & Mukhi, J. S. (2015). Resident-to-Resident Abuse: A Scoping Review. Canadian Journal on Aging, 34(2), 215‑236.
Rosen, T., Lachs, M. S., Teresi, J., Eimicke, J., Van Haitsma, K., & Pillemer, K. (2016). Staff-reported strategies for prevention and management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in long-term care facilities. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 28(1), 1‑13.
Teresi, J.A., Ramirez, M., Ellis, J., Silver, S., Boratgis, G., Kong, J., … S. Lachs, M. (2013). A staff intervention targeting resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) in long-term care increased staff knowledge, recognition and reporting: Results from a cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(5), 644‑656.